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The relationship between individuals and societies is very close. Man is a social animal who lives in social groups in communities and in society. Man cannot live without society because man is a biological and psychological being equipped to live in groups. Human life and society almost go together. Society has become an essential condition for human life to arise and continue to live.

The relationship between individuals and societies is ultimately one of the profound of all the problems of social philosophy. It is more philosophical rather than sociological because it involves the question of values. Man depended on societies as a result of the society that is surrounded and encompassed by culture which is a societal force. It is in the society again that he has to conform to the norms, occupy statuses and become members of groups.

The questions of the relationship between the individual and the society is the starting point of many discussions. It is closely connected with the questions of the relationship of man and society. There are two main theories regarding the relationship between individual and society. They are the social contract theory and the organismic theory.

Relationship between individual and society

There would be no society if there were no people talking to one another, acting and interacting, cooperating with one another. But how to behave in one’s society or what is right and what is wrong in the society, all these things, one has to learn in the society. Each society has its own special set of rules, its own customs and traditions, its own set of values and beliefs, and each must teach its members to fit into the society. The idea of the society implies a mutual give -and -take process by the individuals concerned either in the form of mutual glances, waving of hands, greeting, handshake, conversation or the more subtle forms of give -and take such as letter writing, talking on the phone, e-mailing, internet chatting and participating in public affairs.

The relationship between individual and the society can be viewed from three angles

1 functionalist

2 interactionist, and

3 culture and personality

Functionalist view

Functionalist regard the individual as formed by society through the influence of such institutions as the family, school and workplace. Society is a reality, it is the origin and for all individuals. The collective consciousness showed the ways in which social interactions and relationship and ultimately society influence the individual’s attitudes, ideas, sentiments.

Interactionist views

As regards to interactionist view, it is through the interaction of people that society is formed; the main champion of this approach is built up out the interpretations of individuals. The structuralists or functionalist tend to approach the relationship of self-individual and society from the point of the influence of society on the individual. Interactionists on the other hand tend to work on self (individual) outwards, stressing that people create society.

Culture and personality

In reality, it is not society or the individual, but it is society and individual which helps in understanding the total reality. The extreme view of individuals or society has long been abandoned. for sociologist the present have recognized that neither society nor individual can exist without each other and that they are in reality different aspects of the same thing.

To conclude it, it can be stated that the relationship between society and individual is two-sided. Both go hand in hand, each is essentially dependent on the other. Both are interdependent on each other.

Demographers’ defined the baby boom as a birth surge started in 1946, after the World War II and reached its peak in 1957 and continued until 1964 because of the postwar prosperity. Most people uses “generation” as their term but demographers precisely referred it as “cohort” (group of individuals experiencing a certain event within a specified time). This reveals that social changes interconnect with the life of every baby boomer.

There two groups of baby boomers. The babies born from 1946 to 1955 were called early boomers. Those who were born from 1956 to 1964 were called as late boomers. The last set were born during the first tour of Beatles in America and the first early ones was approximately 18 years that time. They are were noticeable because of their big populations. They crowded junior high, elementary schools, high schools, labor market, and colleges.

Studies show that the impacts brought about by the society where baby boomers grew up contributes a lot in reshaping the society. They never think like their parents. Because the population of these cohorts is unprecedented during the 20th century, their beliefs and behaviors are then predicted to dominate things.

But there is also a great discrepancy in terms of economic status between early and late boomers. Compared to the energetic job market and emerging economy laid beneath the feet of early ones, late boomers needs adjustment on economic shifts. It is due to the rapid growth of service sectors, jobs for middle class became less stable, changing locations of workers, and career market adjustments.

Most are considered economic security as an elusive thing. They are the people who were born after the era of civil rights. Conducted studies even reveals income differences according to ethnicity, race, and birthplace creating ethnic classes. It was because one third of the population are Hispanic, African-American, or Asian besides the black and white Americans. Take for instance, the black boomer’s generation are considered inferior than whites, although the generation were rated the best in terms of education.

It is a fact that the life was accompanied by postwar transformations changing the American society. The ideas about sexuality, gender, and family were altered profoundly. Likewise, parenthood changed, old age and retirement was redefined, and labor forces were transformed. Even in their old age, they seize opportunity to stay involved and active like staying in their work force to meet the responsibilities of supporting their children.

The changes in the society were never brought solely by the stereotype but also the conservative types like Seth Grossman. They expressed themselves through street protests while the conservative use other forms such as leaflets, student newspapers, and forums. Although their actions did not attract the attention of media but they achieved their success when they forced a referendum which resulted in the withdrawal of Duke students from the National Student Association.

Conservative may not be a part of the projected boomer’s image but they became a strong force in making their way silently. They are not even in the front page of the newspapers because they still attend their class while others were boycotting. Nevertheless, they have supported conservative politicians like George Wallace in 1968.

One third of the populations of early boomers served during the Vietnam War. Other made a name in different fields throughout history. Joyce Johnson was an African-American who belongs to the stereotype her activist work in her graduate school. When she entered Duke School, she sought for advancement not only for herself but her entire race. She belongs in the Afro-American Society involved in the iconic events in the Duke campus during the 60s. Grossman and Johnson are baby boomers who contributed great change in their society.

Deep understanding about the baby boom generation is very important as they advanced on to their old age. It should be more of demographic curiosities because if demographic bulge move continuously on the system, then economic differences also persists. They once do their best in shaping the society providing significant impacts on the lives of many people besides themselves.

The role of a teacher in society is both significant and valuable.It has far-reaching influence on the society he lives in and no other personality can have an influence more profound than that of a teacher. Students are deeply affected by the teacher’s love and affection, his character, his competence, and his moral commitment. A popular teacher becomes a model for his students. The students try to follow their teacher in his manners, costumes, etiquette, style of conversation and his get up. He is their ideal.

He can lead them anywhere. During their early education, the students tend to determine their aims in life and their future plans, in consultation with their teachers. Therefore, a good and visionary teacher can play a prominent role in making the future of his students while as a corrupt teacher can only harm his students much more seriously than a class of corrupt and perverted judiciary, army, police, bureaucracy, politicians or technocrats. A corrupt and incompetent teacher in not only a bad individual, but also an embodiment of a corrupt and incompetent generation. A nation with corrupt teachers is a nation at risk; every coming day announces the advent of its approaching destruction.

The importance of a teacher as an architect of our future generations demands that only the best and the most intelligent and competent members of our intelligentsia be allowed to qualify for this noble profession. It is unfortunate to find that generally the worst and the most incapable people of the society find their way into this profession. Anyone who fails to find an opening in any other walk of life, gets into this profession and recklessly plays with the destiny of the nation. An important reason for this is understood to be the poor salaries of our primary and secondary teachers which are no better than that of clerks. A large number of our teachers is , therefore, frustrated and disinterested.

They have to go for part-time jobs to meet their basic needs. Again, the teaching profession also does not enjoy due respect in the society. The primary and secondary teachers are particularly at a disadvantage. Their status is lower than that of doctors, engineers, advocates, civil servants; even lower than that of semi literate and illiterate traders. It would therefore require great commitment for an intelligent individual, however fond of education and training he may be, to forsake the career of a doctor or engineer in favour of teaching. Therefore, while selecting good teachers, it must be borne in mind that better opportunities,prospects and perks are offered to the teachers.

When we speak of good teachers it means that a teacher must be a model of faith and piety and should have a fairly good knowledge . A teacher should consider it his duty to educate and train his students and should feel responsible for it. He should feel that his students have been entrusted to him and he should avoid any breach of the trust the society has reposed in him. He should be a sociable person with his roots in the society. People should take him as their well-wisher and a sincere friend who cares for their children. It should be ascertained at all cost that a candidate for this profession has a natural acumen and aptitude for teaching.

He should actively participate in the social activities in a positive way. He should know the art of teaching with a deep insight into child psychology. He should always deal with the students in a just manner. He should not lose his self-control on mistakes his students may commit, and instead he should respect their feelings and ego, and should try to understand and resolve their difficulties with grace while keeping his cool. He should be able to smile in the face of bitter criticism on his opinions, and should not feel ashamed or humiliated to accept his mistakes wholeheartedly.

He should be proud of his culture, his national dress and his national language.He should be a missionary, a mentor, a reformer and a guide besides being a dedicated tutor. In other words, he should be a perfect teacher and a perfect educationist.

While highlighting the role of a teacher in the society, it is imperative to involve the role of parents, too, in the process of character building of the students. In the past, parents and teachers both used to make the best of their efforts to provide an atmosphere to their children congenial to the development of higher virtues and morals. But the gross social change over the last fifty years, large scale urbanization, ruthless competition for financial gains, and heavy preoccupation in everyday life deplete all time and energy from the parents, leaving behind little time or energy for them to monitor their children.

Whatever time they have at their disposal is consumed by newspapers, television and other recreations. As a result, the younger generation hardly gets any opportunity to share ideas with their elders or to enter into a meaningful discussion. On the other hand, this idea is gaining ground among us that education is not meant to build up better human beings, but only to get better jobs. Consequently, the students’ minds are obsessed with better jobs and dreams for higher social status.It is,therefore,duty of the parents, too, to take active interest in the day-to-day progress of their children both in and outside the institution and apprise them of the real meaning of education.

Artificial Intelligence will out think, out innovate, and our strategize humans at all levels. One of the biggest challenges in the clash between AI and humans when it comes to innovation and human intellect – consider this; In the future Artificial Intelligence will be running our society and civilization with the most expedient and efficient methods and processes. Humans will be expected to follow these new norms that the AI systems have created simply because they are deemed to be the very best strategies for the most optimum gain.

The number of potential answers for everything, every question that is, will be reduced to one best answer, with exact answers for slight derivations which will also have a single right answer. Humans will be expected to trust AI answers over their own thoughts and reason, thus, humans will eventually stop thinking and reasoning – losing the ability to come up with novel ideas and concepts or new solutions to problems all together. Just as domesticated animals have smaller brains than their wild animal counterparts with the same exact genetic sequence – when it comes to the brain; you use it or lose it.

Just as in tennis, the game is won with the safest and best percentage shots, not necessarily the trick shots – AI will lean towards and be bias towards the percentage shots, as it is a probability based system. Humans may be good at the tricky solutions to problems now and again, but eventually the master of society and civilization’s chess board will be artificial intelligence, not inferior human intelligence

Those humans who are involved in the programming and fine-tuning of AI in the beginning will retain their abilities to solve problems and come up with unique original thoughts by working with AI as a team, combining the best of AI and human thought and insight. But alas, eventually, AI will fine tune itself and humans will not be required to think at all. AI will learn the best that human brains have to offer and already know that information, thus, not requiring further human input.

So is ‘ignorance bliss’ – hard to say, but we may find out as a species soon enough if this forward progression of technology and innovative human thought continues on the current course. This isn’t science fiction – it’s what we’ve already set into motion. Artificial Intelligence isn’t good or bad, but one could argue it’s mostly good. Think about this.

Is America losing the edge in innovation? How can this be? Where did we go wrong? What happened? Could it be that we’ve changed our education system and society in a way that gives less incentive to innovators? That would be a travesty since our entire national identity is in part founded on the ‘can do attitude’. Let’s discuss this briefly and you tell me if you see it too.

Are we losing our ability to think creatively and innovatively solve problems? I believe so. We also seem to be losing self-reliance, no need to solve problems – all the problems have already been solved. No need to think, just look up the answer on Google. Suddenly, there is no accountability or integrity – passing off copied ideas and plagiarism for innovation.

Look, I am not Luddite, and I don’t live in a cave, I know there is innovation out there – it’s just that I see an ocean of imitation and very few pearls of innovation in comparison. Everyone is busy liking, friending and forwarding – searching online for the daily highlighted viral original concepts rather than coming up with new ideas themselves. Maybe that instant gratification of a dopamine blast is as good as that “Ah-Ha Moment” when you solve a problem or when the light-bulb of innovation dings that bell inside your brain?

There seems to be a deep desire among members of our society to be creative and innovative, just as companies know there is a distinct advantage to the having a robust Research and Development Department and maintaining an innovative edge in their sector. Perhaps that’s why everyone and their brother claims to be an Innovation Expert Consultant. It’s rather hilarious how many of these ‘innovation coaches’ promise to teach us how to innovate, yet, I dare to ask; how many of them have original thoughts themselves. Is this yet another case of; ‘those who can’t teach’.

As an innovator myself, I find it amazing what is passed off as creative or innovative in this day and age. I guess we all have free speech in America and one is free to call themselves an innovator if they wish without any proof or examples of creativity of innovative attributes – but that doesn’t make it so. There is no honor in continuing this façade, we are only hurting ourselves and we cannot fix the problem until we address the reality and the problem here. Do you see it too? What should we do? Please consider all this and think on it.

As the world began to shift from an economy reliant on agriculture to one of industrial influence, so too did daily interaction among human beings. Community life that once hailed the virtues of work ethic and intimate interaction slowly gave way to a society corrupted by the destructive nature of self-achievement and individualism. To maintain a way of life that coheres with the principles of old, certain sects of people began to withdraw from the blooming of this new type of society. Such people set up small societies that were generally self-sufficient, and stressed the importance of maintaining close relationships with neighbors as well as family. In such societies today, the most common example is likely the Amish community. A total withdrawal from all technological aspects of society enables them to focus more on religion and social interaction than modern society can allow.

To define these two types of society, sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies (1887/1988) categorized them as two distinct styles of society. He applies the term Gemeinschaft to refer to a community focused on intimate social interaction. He states that everyone in the community knows everyone, and that the members of the society share a sense of shared fate. This type of society keeps itself in line, because if one deviates, the rest of the community will conspire to damage the deviant’s reputation. Although their lives are largely controlled by the opinions of others, they can derive comfort from knowing that they are part of an intimate group.

On the other extreme of the spectrum is Gesellschaft, which refers to the chaotic society of today’s industrial society. Tonnies noted that the industrialization of the 20th century was tearing at the fabric of simple village life. The importance of personal ties, lifelong friendships, and family connections was effectively belittled in the light of short-term relationships, individual accomplishments, and self-interests. Gossip within this type of society is much less effective, because if things turn poorly, short-term relationships could be terminated while new ones began. Formal agencies such as the police and courts replaced the influences of peer pressure and gossip.

The Amish communities of today are beautiful examples of what Tonnies referred to as Gemeinschaft Communities – which he accurately predicted would exist as a result of resistance to industrialization. In these communities, weekly meetings regarding distribution of goods and the common welfare replace today’s courts and other agencies. All decisions are made based on the needs of individuals who you share close relationships with. Thus, each decision is wholly made to better the community on all levels. In typical society, laws must be passed to appeal to the common good of many sects of people – generally favoring the wealthy and those living in modernized areas. These laws are often not relevant to communities like Indian reserves and Amish districts, and thus have no place in society. In this way, the Amish way of life makes perfect sense.

Another reason the Amish separate themselves from the world is because of a literal interpretation of Christ’s Sermon on the Mount. They hold that in order to remain loyal to their faith, they must minimize the distractions produced by modern society. In smaller, family centered communities, one can put most of his stock in biblical study and worship than in the job market, social acceptance, and other financial concerns.

The importance of preserving wholesome values of old is held more highly in the eyes of some. A deeper connection to your neighbors and family allows for a well rounded development and a fuller sense of security. As Tönnies states, humans will do whatever is necessary to maintain strong social bonds.

Ladies wigs have been very popular, especially in western cultures. It’s mainly because they can be very useful in many ways. There are some that use wigs in order to change or improve their look and there are also some that use wigs due to medical conditions.

And that’s not all, sometimes, women who would like to stand out during a special occasion may use wigs. It may be a party, a gathering or a job interview, ladies wigs can not only improve how you look, but also boost your confidence.

Getting Tired of Looking The Same Way Everyday?

Try wearing a wig for change. You can choose from a wide variety of styles, from short to long wigs, small to large wigs, or even try out the ridiculous ones, if you are really into it. You can also choose to wear wigs to match your outfit. Though in a sense that, not all outfits can look alright with how you wear your natural hair. Given that thought, that’s why we have wide variety of wigs to choose from.

Wigs also come with different materials and styles. There are synthetic wigs, although a lot cheaper but can still get the job done, and there are also those which are made from actual human hair. If you are looking for a wig to fully express yourself, it is advisable that you opt to using synthetic wigs. These wigs come in colours and sizes and can give you the look you want, no matter how outstanding or outrageous it may be.

On the other hand, if you want a genuine look, you may go for Human hair wigs. These wigs, if worn and fitted exactly right, can make the impression of having natural hair instead of looking like you are wearing a toupee.If you are not sure what kind of wig to go for in order to get the look you want, you can ask or talk to wig manufacturers and suppliers. These guys, being more knowledgeable in the business, can help you with ideas and guide you through the selection process.

Ladies Wigs for Medical Conditions

Wigs are also preferred by women with hair loss problems such as aging or as a result from cancer therapy. Not only that they hide the condition, wigs also help boost the self-confidence of patients.

Additionally, not only that you are entitled to choose from a wide variety of wigs, in some cases, you can also avail for a tax exempt or even get lower price for wigs you buy. Some suppliers offer special discounts to women who has to wear a wig due to a medical condition.

If you are planning to get a wig to compensate for hair loss, first thing you need to do is to take a picture or find a picture of yourself, particularly your hairstyle. There are a lot of different wigs and experts will be able to determine what kind of wig you have to use in order to look the same way though having a medical condition. You can even send them your picture, head size and a lock of your hair to help determine accurately what is best for you.

So in the end, wigs are not just here to improve the look of modern women or get them in style. There are also those who use wigs to compensate for their medical conditions. Hair loss have a very big impact on one’s self-esteem and confidence, though sometimes it may be the result of illness or illness treatment like chemotherapy. Nevertheless, ladies wigs are here as an option whenever women encounter such a situation.

Graphic designers play several vibrant roles that ensure the development, survival, and sustenance of the society. It is no exaggeration to say that the products and services provided by Graphic designers ensure the smooth running of activities carried out in the society. Graphic designers educate, warn, inform, notify, entertain, etc. The Graphic artists play significant social, cultural and religious roles in the society.

Social Roles

Societal activities are promoted through the use of his products. For instance, the entertainment industry relies heavily on products in Graphic design. Cinematography, which is an aspect of the area is used for entertaining the young and old through its animated images and cartoons. Products in Graphic arts such as the production of hilarious books and other comic magazines that carries humorous stories coupled with satirical images are a mouth watering form of entertainment to the general public especially students.

The activities of the entertainment industry are communicated to the general public through communication tools such as posters, banners, flyers, handbills, etc. The identification of players and teams which are through jerseys bearing their individual names and flags of their respective countries are made easy as a result of printing.The programs of various sports are communicated to the general public through graphic design communication tools such as posters, banners, handbills etc.

Cultural Roles

In the traditional system of governance where a chief and his council (body of elders and other sub-chiefs) exercises authority over his subjects or members of the society, Graphic design products are greatly at work. Festivals, ceremonies, and rituals that are done in the society rely extensively on his products. These activities are relayed to the general public through posters, banners, flyers, and billboards. Cultural fabrics are printed with symbolic patterns that portray and educate us about our rich cultural heritage.

Religious Roles

Religious activities of the various religious bodies in the country are effectively carried out as a result of Graphic products. The location of the various temples, churches, shrines, and cathedrals are as a result of the signboards, signposts, billboards and banners carefully situated at vantage points. Without them, it would be very difficult for people to find the locations of the countless religious associations in the country. The printed attires which help us to readily identify roles that members of the religious group play. How will a new person in the church, mosque or shrine identify the leader of the religious group if not through the printed attire that they wear? Those with duties such as ministerial duties like ushers are identified by the printed stoles that they put on. Members of youth, men and women’s associations of several churches are easily recognized through the T-Shirts and association’s printed cloth. The interiors and exteriors of religious buildings are lavishly decorated with several wall hangings, buntings etc.

Also, the numerous posters, banners, flyers and handbills that inform members of religious programs, meeting days and times, harvest and fund-raising ceremonies are made possible by the Graphic designer. Church items are safely kept because of the comprehensive labels that have been done on them. The stickers, key holders, bangles and other church paraphernalia that attracts and draws new members into the various religious groups are as a result of him.

In some religious denominations, special books which are believed to be ‘holy’ such as the Bible and the Koran are used for teaching and disseminating the doctrines of the religious bodies. It can be said without exaggeration that the Graphic designer assists greatly in the smooth flow of religious activities carried out by the various religious bodies in the country.

The Kama Shastra Society, founded by Sir Richard Burton and his partner, Forster Fitzgerald Arbuthnot, around the year 1882 was set forth as a secretive, educational society. This society published many written works, largely of erotic yet scholarly content of Oriental descent, including a translation of the Kama Sutra. Their goal they claimed was to “remove the scales from the eyes of Englishmen who are interested in Oriental literature.” The secrecy that shrouded the Kama Shastra Society and the men who founded it was based in necessity for the very reason the Society was founded. While outwardly appearing to be a scholarly society, the Kama Shastra Society was more correctly a method of circumventing the law of the day.

What Law Did The Kama Shastra Society Circumvent?

The Obscene Publications Act of 1857 also referred to as Lord Campbell’s Act was a major force in obscenity law in Great Britain. This Act had sent many writers and publishers to live behind the cold walls of a prison cell. The law also provided for the courts to seize and destroy any literature which was deemed to be obscene in nature. While the sale of obscene or pornographic literature was already a criminal offense prior to the institution of the Act, the Obscene Publications Act of 1857 made it possible to prosecute both the author and the publisher as well. This led to much debate over passing the law but with good faith assurances that it was only ” intended to apply exclusively to works written for the single purpose of corrupting the morals of youth and of a nature calculated to shock the common feelings of decency in any well-regulated mind,” it was allowed passage into the law of the day. Lord Campbell had originated the law while presiding over a pornography trial as a heated debate in the House of Lords over a bill aiming to restrict the sale of poisons raged on. He was struck by the thought that the two were similar dangers with a difference in purpose. While the literal poison could destroy the mind, obscene materials could very well destroy one’s soul. Once this thought had entered his mind he was quoted as saying the trade of pornographic material was “a sale of poison more deadly than prussic acid, strychnine or arsenic.” With a justice in power with those sentiments, it is easy to understand the trepidation of Burton, Arbuthnot and their peers to reveal the nature and activities of the Kama Shastra Society.

How the The Kama Shastra Society Get Around The Law?

Burton and Arbuthnot made it a point to defy British law when they published the Kama Sutra. Using a secretive meeting, they arranged with a publisher by the name of Payne to print the first copies of the Kama Sutra translated into the English language. Distributing these 250 original copies of the work, the made their identification difficult to ascertain. The trick to this was the reversal of their initials in the title page where they stated the text of the Kama Sutra was “translated from the Sanskrit and annotated by A. F. F. and B. F. R.” They justified their actions with the thought that millions of Orientals had access to the texts in one form or another, what harm could be done by English gentlemen merely reading the work. With that thought firmly in mind and their own identities sufficiently protected, they distributed one of the most controversial texts of it’s time amongst their membership. They had went through such extensive pains to protect their identity and the secret society that little is known of the society even today.

Time flies quickly, a few years ago people tend to communicate using wired gadgets such as telephones or ham radios. Today, the internet has reshaped our world beyond our imagination. People now uses desktop or laptop computers not just for work but also for entertainment and communication as well.

Part of the ever growing popularity of the world wide web as a new means of communication is the advent of social networking sites. These are proprietary websites that can be used by common people to post personal profiles, pictures, videos, music and messages. Users of social networking sites can invite other “friends” to join their network to be able to view and share personal information on one another.

There are several social networking sites today, among the popular ones are Facebook, MySpace and Twitter. Most members of these sites are teenagers who just love the company of friends and other people. However, did you know how important social networking sites are?

1. Keeping in touch

By maintaining a profile on these sites, your loved ones, friends and distant relatives don’t have to call you every time just to stay in touch with one another. One can take advantage of posting messages, images and personal videos of themselves for their loved ones to see over and over again. It’s cheap, fast and real time technology available to everyone.

2. Job hunting

Several companies in the US and Europe are taking advantage of social networking sites to get competent employees. On the other hand, job applicants take advantage of these sites to post their resume and credentials. It’s a great tool one can use in order to make a good impression to a company. If you’re applying for a computer related job, it would be great to maintain a personal profile.

3. Emergency

Have you heard of several thousands of individuals saved using social networking sites? Twitter has been a great tool for many to relay messages to thousands of concerned citizens in a snap in times of tragedy and natural calamities. People who seek fund raising and donation can use Facebook or MySpace sites to call unto generous individuals.

Many people consider these sites as a work of the devil. It could be. However, one must realize that anything can become good or bad depending on the person’s intentions. Social networking sites has shaped our world whether we like it or not and it will become an indispensable tool if it’s used for good purposes.